Relational & Sexual Trauma Counselling

How relational and sexual trauma counselling works

Trauma is our emotional response when we experience something extremely negative, usually a physical and/or emotional threat to our safety. It is an intelligent function, developed over 100,000 years, that kicks in when we are overwhelmed and flooded with emotions to act as a kind of “mute” function to help us cope.

What counts as an extremely negative event can vary widely for each of us, and our reactions to trauma can look different as well. A traumatic event can be extremely difficult to cope with. Trauma can result from many events, experienced and/or witnessed, including accidents, and assaults. An event can lead you to have trauma symptoms even if you were not directly involved in it. A traumatic event that you have experienced during childhood can have long lasting effects which can continue into adulthood and lead to ongoing emotional difficulties and distress.

Symptoms of Trauma

Types of symptoms which may occur are:

• nightmares
• feeling that the event is happening again
• intrusive memories of the event which are triggered by something which is a reminder of the event.

These symptoms are a common reaction to trauma, and many people find they decrease gradually after the event. However, if they continue to occur and cause continued distress, then professional assistance may be helpful.

There are 3 main categories of trauma:

1. Complex Trauma

Complex trauma happens over and over, frequently within the context of a specific relationship, time frame, and/or setting. The effects of complex trauma are cumulative, building up over time, and often result in direct harm to you.

2. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can develop after you have been directly or indirectly exposed to a terrifying event or intense physical or psychological harm has occurred to you, or you felt  threatened.

Those with PTSD have persistent, involuntary, and frightening thoughts and memories of the event(s), may have intense physical reactions to cues of the event(s), and may strongly avoid  any emotions or thoughts which remind them of the event(s).

3. Developmental Trauma Disorder

Developmental trauma disorder is a recent term in the study of psychology, and forms during a child’s first three years of life. It is the result of abuse, neglect, and/or abandonment for the child, and hinders the child developing a secure attachment to his/her parent. It also interferes with the child’s neurological, cognitive, and psychological development.

Our trauma response and it’s legacy

As we’ve mentioned before, we humans have evolved to rely on our survival instincts.  When there is a threat to our safety (either physically or psychologically), our brains turn on our “fight or flight” stress response system.  As we prepare to deal with the imminent threat, our “animal brain” becomes more active, preparing us to fight or flee through various physiological responses including raising our blood pressure and heart rate.

While this is happening, our “thinking brain” becomes less active, inhibiting the brain’s frontal cortex which reduces our ability to think creatively and consider alternative perspectives. The short-term benefit of this “fight or flight” response is that we have “made it” – we survive the traumatic event.

However, what was an adaptive response in the moment can become a maladaptive response over the longer term.

If long after the treat has passed, we still respond to situations that seem somewhat similar with the fight or flight response, our survival response system may become chronically activated resulting in persistent feelings of alarm or danger, fatigue, exhaustion and vulnerability, or we can be left with  a chronic inability to assert or protect ourselves adequately.

If we are fortunate  enough to have adequate safety and support after a traumatic event, we may be shaken, but we will be able to integrate the traumatic event into a cohesive narrative about our life, as an event that has passed.

However, if we are under-supported after trauma, or if the trauma occurred when we were very young or over long stretches of time, we can be left with an intense response to the traumatic event.Even if the trauma is no longer on-going, early and chronic trauma can leave us with symptoms that “tell the story” of the traumatic event without words or understanding that we are experiencing events and feelings from long ago. We may not remember the trauma, but we continue to relive it.